Fluoride is an element that has been shown to be beneficial to teeth. However, too little or too much fluoride can be detrimental to the teeth.
Little or no fluoride will not strengthen the teeth to help them resist cavities. Excessive fluoride ingestion by preschool-aged children can lead to dental fluorosis, a chalky white or brown discoloration of the permanent teeth.
Many children often get more fluoride than their parents realize. Being aware of a child's potential sources of fluoride can help parents prevent the possibility of dental fluorosis. Some of these may include:
Too much fluoridated toothpaste at an early age
Children between the ages of 2-3 years old may not be able to expectorate (spit out) fluoride-containing toothpaste when brushing. As a result, these youngsters may ingest an excessive amount of fluoride. Toothpaste ingestion during this critical period of permanent tooth development is the greatest risk factor in the development of fluorosis.
Inappropriate use of fluoride supplements
Excessive and inappropriate intake of fluoride supplements may also contribute to fluorosis. Fluoride drops and tablets, as well as fluoride-fortified vitamins, should not be given to infants younger than 6 months of age. After that time, fluoride supplements should only be given to children once all of the sources of ingested fluoride have been accounted for and upon the recommendation of your pediatrician or pediatric dentist.
Hidden sources of fluoride in the child's diet
Certain foods contain high levels of fluoride, especially powdered concentrate infant formula, soy-based infant formula, infant dry cereals, creamed spinach and infant chicken products. As such, it is important to read the label or contact the manufacturer.
Some beverages also contain high levels of fluoride, especially decaffeinated teas, white grape juices and juice drinks manufactured in fluoridated cities.
To decrease the risk of fluorosis in children's teeth, parents may take the following steps:
- Use baby tooth cleanser on the toothbrush of the very young child
- Place only a pea-sized drop of children's toothpaste on the brush when brushing
- Account for all of the sources of ingested fluoride before requesting fluoride supplements from your child's physician or pediatric dentist
- Avoid giving any fluoride-containing supplements to infants until they are at least 6 months old
- Obtain fluoride level test results for your drinking water from the local water utilities before giving fluoride supplements to a child
